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In a quality check three inspectors examine the same batch independently. The probabilities that they notice a particular flaw are 0.6, 0.5 and 0.2. What is the probability that at least two of the three notice it?

Competition practiceData & Probability
  • A0.34
  • B0.06
  • C0.40
  • D0.84

Step-by-Step Solution

The three probabilities differ, so the cases must be listed one by one rather than counted with a binomial formula. Exactly two notice the flaw in three ways: the first two but not the third, ; the first and third but not the second, ; the second and third but not the first, . That is 0.34. All three notice it with probability . Adding the disjoint cases gives 0.34 + 0.06 = 0.40. The option 0.34 stops at 'exactly two' and forgets that all three noticing also counts as at least two; 0.06 is 'all three' alone; and is the probability that at least ONE inspector notices the flaw.
Answer: C) 0.40

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