A relief committee has ruled that no single item may take more than 30% of its ₹6,00,000 fund. It has already committed ₹1,50,000 to blankets. What is the largest further amount it may commit to blankets?

The cap on any one item is 30% of 6,00,000 = ₹1,80,000. Blankets have already taken ₹1,50,000, so only 1,80,000 - 1,50,000 = ₹30,000 more may go to them. ₹1,80,000 is the cap itself, forgetting what is already committed. ₹4,50,000 is the rest of the fund, which ignores the cap altogether. ₹45,000 is 30% of the ₹1,50,000 already committed - the cap applies to the fund, not to the earlier commitment.