Here is a sequence of twenty-two elements: 2 P E % 7 R A 4 # M 9 U T & 3 B I 6 K $ 5 N. Every vowel is lifted out of it and written down again at its right end, in the order in which the vowels stood. In the sequence so formed, which element stands eighth from the right end?

The vowels are E, A, U and I. Lifting them out leaves 2 P % 7 R 4 # M 9 T & 3 B 6 K $ 5 N, and writing them back at the right end gives 2 P % 7 R 4 # M 9 T & 3 B 6 K $ 5 N E A U I — still twenty-two elements. The eighth from the right is element number 22 − 8 + 1 = 15, which is K. In the untouched sequence the eighth from the right is 3, so that is the answer you get by never moving the vowels. 6 and $ stand fourteenth and sixteenth in the new sequence, either of which follows from counting one place out.