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Since a village council began paying a small monthly sum to households that keep their cattle away from the pond, the water in the pond has become noticeably clearer. The council credits the payments with the improvement. Which of the following, if true, most weakens the council's claim?

Competition practiceLogical / Critical
  • AThe monthly sum is worth less than a day's wages
  • BSeveral households in the village own no cattle at all
  • CThe payments began in the same month that a new tube well was sunk beside the pond, after which almost every household stopped washing clothes and vessels in the pond as they had done daily for years
  • DCattle still graze on the slope above the pond

Step-by-Step Solution

A second change arrived at the same moment and removed a daily source of soap and silt, which is enough on its own to clear the water; the council has no way of telling which change did the work. The size of the payment and the households without cattle bear on how many people the scheme reaches, and grazing above the pond describes what has not changed — none of these offers a rival cause for the improvement.
Answer: C) The payments began in the same month that a new tube well was sunk beside the pond, after which almost every household stopped washing clothes and vessels in the pond as they had done daily for years

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