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The chairman of a poultry society answers a member: 'It cannot be said that the society ran at a loss last year. A loss, properly understood, means that a body owes money it is unable to pay; the society owes nothing and has met every bill on the day it fell due.' The chairman's answer is most open to criticism because it

Competition practiceLogical / Critical
  • Adoes not state what the society's bills came to over the year
  • Bassumes that every member of the society understands what a loss is
  • Crelies on accounts drawn up by the society's own clerk rather than by an auditor from outside
  • Dsettles a question about what the society took in and what it laid out by choosing a favourable meaning for the word 'loss', when whether the year's receipts fell short of the year's outgoings is decided by the figures and not by the definition adopted

Step-by-Step Solution

The member's charge is that the year's outgoings exceeded the year's receipts. The chairman never touches that; he defines 'loss' as inability to pay and then reports that the society can pay, which leaves the original figures where they were. A society that spends a lakh more than it earns and meets the difference out of its reserve is solvent and out of pocket at once, and the chairman's meaning quietly puts the second fact beyond reach of the word. The total of the bills is not the flaw but a thing the chairman ought to have addressed; nobody's understanding of the term is in question; and no set of accounts has been produced for the auditor's identity to matter.
Answer: D) settles a question about what the society took in and what it laid out by choosing a favourable meaning for the word 'loss', when whether the year's receipts fell short of the year's outgoings is decided by the figures and not by the definition adopted

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