Key idea: Ogives — the cumulative frequency curve
**Less-than ogive**: plot points (upper limit of class, cf) for each class. Connect with smooth curve.
**More-than ogive**: plot points (lower limit of class, more-than-cf). Connect smoothly.
**Median from ogives**:
- Method A: From the less-than ogive, find where cf = n/2. Drop perpendicular to x-axis. The x-coordinate is the median.
- Method B: Plot BOTH ogives on the same axes. Their intersection's x-coordinate is the median.
**Empirical relationship** (rough): Mode ≈ 3 × Median − 2 × Mean. Useful sanity check, not rigorously true but often close.
**Frequency polygon vs ogive**: Polygon plots (class mark, frequency); Ogive plots (limit, cumulative frequency).