The sun's rays are parallel (arrow marks). At the end of the building's shadow, a ray makes 38° with the level ground. The flag-pole stands straight up. Find the angle $x$ between the flag-pole and the ray that just passes its top.

When a transversal crosses two **parallel** lines, eight angles form (four at each intersection). They come in special pairs:

- **Corresponding angles**: same position at each intersection (e.g. both top-left). **Equal**.
- **Alternate interior angles**: between the parallel lines, on opposite sides of the transversal. **Equal**.
- **Alternate exterior angles**: outside the parallel lines, on opposite sides of the transversal. **Equal**.
- **Co-interior (same-side interior) angles**: between the parallel lines, on the same side of the transversal. **Supplementary** (sum to 180°).

These are the rules you'll use most. Sketch the figure and label what you know — the rest follows quickly.