Ramesh is twice as old as his daughter today. Twelve years ago his age was five times hers. How old is Ramesh today?

Let the daughter be $d$ today, so Ramesh is 2$d$. Twelve years ago both were 12 years younger: $2d-12=5(d-12)$, that is $2d-12=5d-60$, so $3d=48$ and $d=16$, making Ramesh 32. Check: twelve years ago they were 20 and 4, and $20=5\times 4$. 16 is the daughter's present age - the wrong person. 20 is Ramesh's age twelve years ago, not today. 48 is the intermediate value 3$d$, picked up before the final division.