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A water supply division reports that the households of Chandpur ward receive on the average 118 litres a head in a day, above the 100 litres a head that the state's norm requires, and concludes that the ward's households are adequately supplied. The division's reasoning is most open to criticism because

Competition practiceLogical / Critical
  • Athe division does not state how many households the ward holds
  • Bthe division gives its figure in litres a head when the state's norm is laid down in litres for each household
  • Cthe division has not said what the ward's households pay for the water they receive
  • Dan average taken over the ward is fully consistent with a large part of the ward receiving far less than the norm, the dry lanes on the ridge being made up for by the lanes below the reservoir; and a norm meant to protect each household is not satisfied by a figure that only the ward as a whole attains

Step-by-Step Solution

The norm is a promise to each household and the division has tested it against a figure that no household need ever have received. Give half the ward 190 litres a head and the other half 46, and the average stands at 118 while thousands live far under the norm; the arithmetic conceals the very unevenness the norm exists to prevent. The number of households would let the division convert its average into a total and nothing more. The second option is simply untrue of the case as stated, since the prompt gives the norm in litres a head, exactly as the division's figure is given. And what the households pay bears on the tariff, not on how the water is spread among them.
Answer: D) an average taken over the ward is fully consistent with a large part of the ward receiving far less than the norm, the dry lanes on the ridge being made up for by the lanes below the reservoir; and a norm meant to protect each household is not satisfied by a figure that only the ward as a whole attains

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