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Passage: A company found that employees who attended its optional weekend training programme were promoted at nearly twice the rate of those who did not attend. The company newsletter concluded that the programme causes faster promotion. What is the principal weakness in this conclusion?

Competition practiceLogical / Critical
  • AThe number of employees studied was not stated in the newsletter
  • BAttendance was voluntary, so those who gave up their weekends may already have been the more driven employees, who would have been promoted faster in any case
  • CThe training was held at weekends rather than on working days
  • DPromotion decisions in the company are taken by managers

Step-by-Step Solution

The two groups were formed by the employees' own choice, not by assignment, so they may differ in ambition and performance before any training takes place. That difference, rather than the programme, could account for the promotion gap. The other options raise details that do not disturb the causal claim.
Answer: B) Attendance was voluntary, so those who gave up their weekends may already have been the more driven employees, who would have been promoted faster in any case

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