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A cooperative dairy in Kolhapur pays 40% of its yearly profit to its members and keeps the rest as reserve. Find the ratio of the amount paid to members to the amount kept as reserve.

Class 8Comparing QuantitiesComparing Quantities
  • A2 : 3
  • B3 : 2
  • C2 : 5
  • D40 : 100

Step-by-Step Solution

Paid = 40%, kept = 100% − 40% = 60%. Ratio paid : kept = 40 : 60 = 2 : 3. Trap: 2 : 5 is paid-to-TOTAL (40 : 100 simplified), not paid-to-kept, and 3 : 2 reverses the order the question asks for.
Answer: A) 2 : 3

Key idea: Discount

A discount is a reduction off the **marked price** (MP), not the cost price. The selling price (SP) is what the customer actually pays.

**SP = MP − Discount**
**Discount % = (Discount / MP) × 100**

Example: shirt MP ₹800, discount 25%. Discount amount = 25% of 800 = 200. SP = 800 − 200 = 600.

Note: discount % is calculated on MP. Profit/loss % (Class 7) is on CP. Don't mix them up.

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