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A trader argues: 'The dye on these mats is natural, since it is pressed from the bark of a tree and nothing is added to it. And what is natural cannot do anyone harm. So the dye on these mats can harm nobody.' The argument depends on one word carrying two senses. Which of the following identifies them?

Competition practiceLogical / Critical
  • A'Natural' first means taken from a plant or mineral without treatment, and later means gentle or safe to handle
  • B'Dye' first means the colouring matter itself and later means the mat that carries it
  • C'Harm' first means bodily injury and later means loss of money
  • D'Bark' first means the outer covering of a tree and later means the tree as a whole

Step-by-Step Solution

The first sentence earns the word 'natural' in a sense purely about origin — pressed from bark, nothing added. The second sentence needs it in the quite separate sense of harmless, which origin alone never establishes, since many untreated plant products are irritants. Once the two senses are kept apart the argument has no second step. The remaining words are used consistently.
Answer: A) 'Natural' first means taken from a plant or mineral without treatment, and later means gentle or safe to handle

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